KEOD 2009 Abstracts

Full Papers Short Papers
Full Papers
Paper Nr: 18
Title:

EVALUATING ONTOLOGIES WITH RUDIFY
Authors:

Amanda Hicks, Amanda Hicks and Axel Herold
Abstract: In this paper we present Rudify, a set of tools designed for the semi-automatic evaluation of ontological meta-properties based on lexical realizations of these meta-properties in natural language. We describe the development of Rudify, provide an evaluation of initial output, and describe how this output can be used in conjunction with OntoClean (Guarino and Welty 2002) to produce clean ontological hierarchies. In particular we show how a Rudify evaluation of concepts for the meta-property of rigidity can facilitate modelling types and roles.
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Paper Nr: 21
Title:

DOOR: Towards a Formalization of Ontology Relations
Authors:

Carlo Allocca and Mathieu D'Aquin
Abstract: In this paper, we describe our ongoing effort in describing and formalizing semantic relations that link ontolo- gies with each others on the Semantic Web in order to create an ontology, DOOR, to represent, manipulate and reason upon these relations. DOOR is a Descriptive Ontology of Ontology Relations which intends to define relations such as inclusion, versioning, similarity and agreement using ontological primitives as well as rules. Here, we provide a detailed description of the methodology used to design the DOOR ontology, as well as an overview of its content. We also describe how DOOR is used in a complete framework (called KANNEL) for detecting and managing semantic relations between ontologies in large ontology repositories. Applied in the context of a large collection of automatically crawled ontologies, DOOR and KANNEL provide a starting point for analyzing the underlying structure of the network of ontologies that is the Semantic Web.
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Paper Nr: 37
Title:

ARAGOG Semantic Search Engine: Beyond the Power of Keyword Search

Authors:

Jitesh Sachdeva, Madhur Garg, Jaspreet Singh, Harsh Mittal and Sanjay K. Dhurandher
Abstract: The world is heading towards a phase of pure automation and artificial intelligence. In this context the science of exploring the possibility of computers interpreting the meanings of sentences is a topic of great interest. The search engines are in no way left behind from its impact. The prospects of having a semantic search engine that could explore the proper context of an input query and produce relevant results is being constantly looked for. In this backdrop we present our prototype – Aragog, which is even a step ahead than the conventional idea of a semantic search engine. This not only makes the user free from the hassle of browsing through hundreds of irrelevant results, but also generates results in an order that would match its intended context, with a high probability. The engine has been designed and tested in its nascent stage and the results have been found to be exemplary. Additionally, we have incorporated many other features such as synonym handling and explicit result display that make it all the more tempting to emerge as the next generation’s search engine.
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Paper Nr: 54
Title:

WordVenture -- cooperative WordNet editor
Authors:

Julian Szymanski
Abstract: This article presents architecture for acquiring lexical semantics in a collaborative approach paradigm. The system enables functionality for editing semantic networks in a wikipedia-like style. The core of the system is a user-friendly interface based on interactive graph navigation. It has been used for semantic network presentation, and brings simultaneously modification functionality.
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Paper Nr: 61
Title:

ONTOLOGICAL CLIQUES: Analogy as an Organizing Principle in Ontology Construction
Authors:

Tony Veale and Guofu Li
Abstract: Ontology matching is a process that can be sensibly applied both between ontologies and within ontologies. The former allows for inter-operability between agents using different ontologies for the same domain, while the latter allows for the recognition of analogical symmetries within a single ontology. These analogies indicate the presence of higher-order similarities between instances or categories that should be reflected in the fine-grained structure of the ontology itself. In this paper we show how analogies between categories in the same ontology can be detected via linguistic analysis of large text corpora. We also show how these analogies can be clustered via clique-analysis to create meaningful new category structures in an ontology. We describe experiments in the context of a large ontology of proper-named entities called NameDropper, and show how this ontology and its analogies are automatically acquired from web corpora.
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Paper Nr: 63
Title:

PATTERN-BASED ONTOLOGY TRANSFORMATION SERVICE
Authors:

Ondrej Zamazal, François Scharffe and Vojtech Svatek
Abstract: Many use cases for semantic technologies (eg. reasoning, modularisation, matching) could benefit from an ontology transformation service. This service is supported with ontology transformation patterns consisting of corresponding ontology patterns capturing alternative modelling choices, and an alignment between them. In this paper we present the transformation process together with its two constituents: a pattern detection and an ontology transformation process. The pattern detection process is based on SPARQL and the transformation process is based on an ontology alignment representation with specific extensions regarding detailed information about the transformation.
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Paper Nr: 67
Title:

Updatable Island Reasoning for ALCHI-ontologies
Authors:

Sebastian Wandelt and Ralf Möller
Abstract: In the last years, the vision of the Semantic Web fostered the interest in reasoning over ever larger sets of assertional statements in ontologies. It is easily conjectured that, soon, real-world ontologies will not fit into main memory anymore. If this was the case, state-of-the-art description logic reasoning systems cannot deal with these ontologies any longer, since they rely on in-memory structures. We propose a way to overcome this problem by reducing instance checking for an individual in an ontology to a (usually small) relevant subsets of assertional axioms. These subsets are computed based on a partitioning-criteria. We propose a way to preserve the partitions while updating an ontology and thus enable stream like reasoning for description logic ontologies. We think that this technique can support description logic systems to deal with the upcoming large amounts of fluctuant assertional data.
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Paper Nr: 83
Title:

DYNAMIC ONTOLOGY CO-CONSTRUCTION BASED ON ADAPTIVE MULTI-AGENT TECHNOLOGY
Authors:

Zied Sellami, Marie-Pierre Gleizes, Nathalie Aussenac-Gilles and Sylvain Rougemaille
Abstract: Ontologies have become an important means for structuring knowledge and defining semantic information retrieval systems. Ontology engineering requires a significant effort, and recent researches show that human language technologies are useful means to acquire or update ontologies from text. In this paper we present DYNAMO, a tool based on a Multi-Agent System, which aims at assisting ontologists during the ontology building and evolution processes. This work is carried out in the context of the DYNAMO project. The main novelty of the agent system is to take advantage of text extracted terms and lexical relations together with some quantitative features of the corpus to guide the agents when self-organizing. We exhibit the first experiment of ontology building that shows promising results, and helps us to identify key issues to be solved to the DYNAMO system behavior and the resulting ontology.
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Paper Nr: 89
Title:

A HYBRID METHODOLOGY FOR CONSUMER-ORIENTED HEALTH KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION
Authors:

Elena Cardillo, Luciano Serafini and ANDREI TAMILIN
Abstract: In spite of the improvements in Healthcare Informatics in answering consumer needs, it is still difficult for laypersons who do not have a good level of healthcare literacy, to find, understand, and act on health information. This is due to the communication gap which still persists between specialized medical terminology used by healthcare professionals and “lay” medical terminology used by healthcare consumers. So there is a need to create consumer-friendly terminologies reflecting the different ways consumers and patients express and think about health topics. An additional need is to map these terminologies with existing clinically-oriented terminologies. Following this direction, this work suggests a hybrid methodology to acquire consumer health terminology for creating a Consumer-oriented Medical Vocabulary for Italian that mitigates this gap. This resource could be used in Personal Health Records to provide translation, search, and classification services, helping users to improve access to their healthcare data. In order to evaluate this methodology we mapped “lay” terms with standard specialized terminologies to find overlaps. Results showed that our methodology of acquisition provided many “lay” terms that can be considered good synonyms for medical concepts
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Paper Nr: 92
Title:

EVIDENTIAL COMBINATION OF ONTOLOGICAL AND STATISTICAL INFORMATION FOR ACTIVE SCENE CLASSIFICATION
Authors:

Thomas Reineking, Niclas Schult and Joana Hois
Abstract: We introduce an information-driven scene classification system that combines different types of knowledge derived from a domain ontology and a statistical model in order to analyze scenes based on recognized objects. The domain ontology structures and formalizes which kind of scene classes exist and which object classes occur in them. Based on this structure, an empirical analysis of annotations from the LabelMe image database results in a statistical domain description. Both forms of knowledge are utilized for determining which object class detector to apply to the current scene according to the principle of maximum information gain. All evidence is combined in a belief-based framework that explicitly takes into account the uncertainty inherent to the statistical model and the object detection process as well as the ignorance associated with the coarse granularity of ontological constraints. Finally, we present preliminary classification performance results for scenes from the LabelMe database.
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Paper Nr: 101
Title:

Qualitative Spatial Reasoning Via 3-Valued Heterogeneous Logic
Authors:

Konstantine Arkoudas, Selmer Bringsjord and Sangeet Khemlani
Abstract: Systems for qualitative spatial reasoning (QSR) are usually formulated as relation algebras, and reasoning in such systems is performed by constraint-satisfaction techniques. While this is often adequate, it is a rather inexpressive framework that cannot model and solve many spatial reasoning problems; it can also complicate the combination of different spatial formalisms, e.g., the combination of topological with metric primitives, or absolute orientation with relative orientation. Here we suggest an alternative approach, whereby spatial information is expressed in a rich quantified 3-valued logic, equipped with a novel semantics for dealing with incomplete information. Decidability is ensured by a systematic compilation into propositional logic and the use of SAT solvers. To illustrate, we define and implement a new system for two-dimensional positional reasoning that combines Frank's cardinal-direction calculus, the flip-flop calculus for reasoning about relative orientation, and various new positional primitives. Unlike previous work, the system uses diagrams as well as symbolic formulas. In particular, the logic we introduce is {\em heterogeneous}, meaning that it combines symbolic and diagrammatic representation and inference.
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Paper Nr: 104
Title:

Designing a System for Semi-Automatic Population of Knowledge Bases from Unstructured Text
Authors:

Jade Goldstein-Stewart and Ransom Winder
Abstract: Important information from unstructured text is typically entered manually into knowledge bases, resulting in limited quantities of data. Automated information extraction from the text could assist with this process, but the technology is still at unacceptable accuracies. This task therefore requires a suitable user interface to allow for correction of the frequent extraction errors and validation of proposed assertions that a user wants to enter into a knowledge base. In this paper, we discuss our system for semi-automatic database population and how it handles the issues arising in content extraction and populating a knowledge base. The main contributions of this work are identifying the challenges in building such a semi-automated tool, the categorization of extraction errors, addressing the gaps in current extraction technology required for databasing, and the design and development of a usable interface and system, FEEDE, to support correcting content extraction output and speeding up the data entry time into knowledge bases. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to populate knowledge bases using content extraction from unstructured text
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Short Papers
Paper Nr: 4
Title:

An ontology for supporting clinical research on cervical cancer
Authors:

Manolis Falelakis, Christos Maramis, Irini Lekka, Pericles Mitkas and Anastasios Delopoulos
Abstract: This work presents an ontology for cervical cancer that is positioned in the center of a research system for conducting association studies. The ontology aims at providing a unified "language" for various heterogeneous medical repositories. To this end, it contains both generic patient-management and domain-specific concepts, as well as proper unification rules. The inference scheme adopted is coupled with a procedural programming layer in order to comply with the design requirements.
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Paper Nr: 9
Title:

A hybrid approach towards information expansion based on shallow and deep metadata
Authors:

Tudor Groza and Siegfried Handschuh
Abstract: The exponential growth of the World Wide Web in the last decade, brought an explosion in the information space, with important consequences also in the area of scientific research. Lately, finding relevant work in a particular field and exploring links between relevant publications, became a cumbersome task. In this paper we propose a hybrid approach to automatic extraction of semantic metadata from scientific publications that can help to alleviate, at least partially, the above mentioned problem. We integrated the extraction mechanisms in an application targeted to early stage researchers. The application harmoniously combines the metadata extraction with information expansion and visualization for the seamless exploration of the space surrounding scientific publications.
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Paper Nr: 14
Title:

S-MODULES – AN APPROACH TO CAPTURE SEMANTICS OF MODULARIZED DL KNOWLEDGE BASES
Authors:

Krzysztof Goczyla, Wojciech Waloszek and Aleksander Waloszek
Abstract: Modularity of ontologies has been recently recognized as a key requirement for collaborative ontology engineering and distributed ontology reuse. Partitioning of an ontology into modules naturally gives rise to development of module processing methods. In this paper we describe an algebra of ontology modules developed during our work on a Knowledge Base Management System called RKaSeA. The idea differs from other algebras in the fact that we treat a module semantically, i.e. we focus on the set of a module’s models rather that on the set of axioms and assertions included in its representation The algebra has revealed its potential also in the process of reasoning.
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Paper Nr: 15
Title:

INTEGRATION OF HUMAN COGNITION INTO PLASTIC PRODUCTS’ DESIGN
Authors:

Urška Sancin and Bojan Dolšak
Abstract: Product development process is knowledge intensive engineering task mainly supported by adequate computer aids. Decision-making is a part of design process and almost never supported by computational advice or recommendation to specific design aspects. This paper is orientated at deficiencies in material selection process within a new product development process. General practice in major enterprises is represented and the contribution of proposed intelligent decision support system is introduced. Its execution and integration of human cognition in the field of Design of Manufacturing (DFM) and plastic products’ design are also explicated in this article.
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Paper Nr: 16
Title:

INTELLIGENT ANALYTICAL AIDS IN DESIGN
Authors:

Bojan Dolšak and Marina Novak
Abstract: Analytical aids represent a group of the most widely applied intelligent computer systems for supporting design process. Such systems capture the expertise of a specialist in the application of a design technique – for instance in the development of an analytical model, in the forming of assumptions or in the interpretation of results. An example discussed here is an "expert" aid to be applied within structural analysis using finite element method. The system is constituted from three modules, one for finite element selection, the other for finite element mesh design and the third one for results’ interpretation.
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Paper Nr: 17
Title:

INTELLIGENT SUPPORT TO ANALYSIS-BASED DESIGN IMPROVEMENT PROCESS
Authors:

Marina Novak and Bojan Dolšak
Abstract: The paper presents the use of intelligent consultative decision support computer system in engineering design. The system presented is able to provide an expert advice to designer engineers how to improve a certain design solution considering the results of the preceding engineering structural analysis. The system guides design engineers through the post-processing phase of the structural analysis and suggests them the appropriate redesign actions in case the structure is under- or over-dimensioned. The application of the system in practice is presented by two examples.
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Paper Nr: 28
Title:

EVALUATION OF ONTOLOGY BUILDING METHODOLOGIES: A METHOD BASED ON BALANCED SCORECARDS
Authors:

Michela Chimienti, Antonio De Nicola, Michele Dassisti and Michele M. Missikoff
Abstract: Ontology building methodologies concern techniques and methods related to ontology creation that starts from capturing ontology users’ requirements and concludes by releasing the final ontology. Despite the several ontology building methodologies (OBMs) developed, endowed with different characteristics, there is not yet a method to evaluate them. This paper describes an evaluation method of OBMs based on Balanced Scorecards (BSCs), a novel approach for strategic management of enterprises that we apply to the assessment of OBMs. Then, as a case study, the proposed evaluation method is applied to the UPON OBM. Finally, we show the major strengths of the BSCs’ multi-disciplinary approach.
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Paper Nr: 29
Title:

REPRESENTATION OF ARABIC WORDS: AN APPROACH TOWARDS PROBABILISTIC ROOT-PATTERN RELATIONSHIPS
Authors:

Bassam Haddad
Abstract: In the traditional Arabic LP a root-pattern relationship has markedly been considered as a simple relationship, whereas the potential aspect of considering it as a statistical measure has extensively been neglected and even never formally considered. This paper attempts therefore to explore issues involved in considering the classical phenomenon of Arabic root-pattern relationships as probabilistic measures. Novel probabilistic measures in the context of Arabic LP will be introduced with respect of their semantic potential such an uncertain rules to capture root related patterns of word forms probabilistically and to improve morphology related aspects.
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Paper Nr: 36
Title:

SEMANTICS BASED RECONCILLIATON FOR COLLABORATIVE ONTOLOGY EVOLUTION

Authors:

George Vouros and GEORGIOS SANTIPANTAKIS
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to present the SR-COE (“Semantics-based Reconciliation in Collaborative Ontology Development and Evolution”) system for supporting knowledge workers/engineers to the synchronous and asynchronous collaborative ontology development and evolution: This system provides the necessary generic infrastructure for enhancing the deployment of any ontology development tool in distributed settings with concurrent workers, and for applying any collaborative ontology engineering method effectively. Current collaborative systems for the development and evolution of ontologies rely on discussion forums, argumentation dialogues, centralized shared repositories of ontologies, and locking mechanisms. In a greater extend than these approaches SR-COE exploits the semantics of the modification actions performed from the different, concurrent contributing parties so as to actively support them to reach mutual agreed ontologies.
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Paper Nr: 42
Title:

ONTOLOGY LEARNING BY ANALYZING XML DOCUMENT STRUCTURE AND CONTENT
Authors:

Nathalie Aussenac-Gilles and Mouna Kamel
Abstract: Most existing methods for ontology learning from textual documents rely on natural language analysis. We extend these approaches by taking into account the document structure which bears additional knowledge. The documents that we deal with are XML specifications of databases. In addition to classical linguistic clues, the structural organization of such documents also contributes to convey meaning. In a first stage, we characterize the semantics of XML mark-up and of their relations. Then parsing rules are defined to exploit the XML structure of documents and to create ontology concepts and semantic relations. These rules make it possible to automatically learn a kernel of ontology from documents. In a second stage; this ontology is enriched with the results of text analysis by lexico-syntactic patterns. Both ontology learning rules and patterns are implemented in the Gate platform.
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Paper Nr: 43
Title:

Formal Method for Validaiton of Product Design through Knowledge Modelling
Authors:

Stilian Stanev, Jivka Ovtcharova and Waldemar Walla
Abstract: The aim of production-oriented product validation methods is to ensure the consideration of production requirements during the product design phase and to validate the product specification against these requirements before launching further steps. This work focuses on a formal method for product design specification by using techniques from the knowledge modelling and management. The solution developed within the EU project MyCar, in collaboration between the IMI institute of Karlsruhe and the Research and Advanced Technology Group of Daimler AG, is based on the example of the body shop in the automotive industry. A solution based on the Production-oriented Product Validation Platform gathers the relevant production requirements and makes it available in a structured form to assess the product design with respect to its ability to be produced on the production equipment.
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Paper Nr: 60
Title:

SIABO - Semantic Information Access through Biomedical Ontologies
Authors:

Troels Andreasen, Henrik Bulskov, Per A. Jensen, Tine Lassen, Bodil N. Madsen, Jørgen F. Nilsson, Bartlomiej A. Szymczak, Hanne E. Thomsen and Sine Zambach
Abstract: The scientific aim of the project presented in this paper is to provide an approach to representing, organizing, and accessing conceptual content of biomedical texts using a formal ontology. The ontology is based on UMLS resources supplemented with domain ontologies developed in the project. The approach introduces the notion of ‘generative ontologies’, i.e., ontologies providing increasingly specialized concepts reflecting the phrase structure of natural language. Furthermore, we propose a novel so-called ‘ontological semantics’ which maps noun phrases from texts and queries into nodes in the generative ontology. This enables an advanced form of data mining of texts identifying paraphrases and concept relations and measuring distances between key concepts in texts. Thus, the project gains its identity in its attempt to provide a formal underpinning of conceptual similarity or relatedness of meaning.
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Paper Nr: 62
Title:

Ontology Support for Product Development - Successful Application of Ontologies in Product Development
Authors:

Andre Sprenger, Reiner Anderl, Kai Mecke and Oliver Weitzmann
Abstract: Today knowledge management becomes a very important factor for the success of enterprises. To support knowledge management ontologies have been established. In the product development a lot of knowledge, methods and workflows are used, which have to be protected, managed and distributed. The challenge to manage the diversity of product development knowledge is to combine knowledge management methods and requirements of product development. For this purpose we present functions to support the permission to ontologies, integration of new information, release and storage of information (workflow). Another function to support the efficient work with knowledge is to use templates to reducing time and mistakes while integrating information and knowledge in the system. These functions are integrated in the ontology-based product development system (OPDS); the system achieves the requirements of the product development and used knowledge representation forms.
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Paper Nr: 64
Title:

ONTOLOGY-BASED SIMILARITY OF SOFTWARE CASES Applying Ontology Reasoning to Software Reuse
Authors:

Lothar Hotz, Stephanie Knab, Katharina Wolter and Arved Solth
Abstract: In this paper, we use Description Logic based classi cation and taxonomical similarity computations for facilitating software reuse. For this purpose we map a metamodelling-based software representation to an ontology. The ontology is classi ed by a Description Logic reasoner, which makes implicit taxonomical relations explicit. This classi cation is the basis for the computation of taxonomical similarity. The approach is tested with several industrial software applications.
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Paper Nr: 69
Title:

Ontology Design Through Modular Repositories
Authors:

Ali Hashemi and Michael Gruninger
Abstract: Many real world problems require a language at least as expressive as first order logic, yet there exist many barriers to the generation of first-order ontologies. One of the biggest hurdles is the specification of axioms that capture the intended semantics of a user’s concepts. This paper presents an ontology design algorithm enabled by modular ontology repositories that consist of theories organized into disjoint hierarchies, each of which is a set of nonconservative extensions. The ontology design algorithm provides axiomatizations of relations by eliciting intended models from the users, identifying the strongest theories in the repository that are satisfied by the intended models, and incorporating user feedback to verify the proposed set of axioms. This approach emphasizes the communication of semantics rather than syntax, allowing users to express intuitions about their domains without extensive background in the intricacies of formal languages.
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Paper Nr: 70
Title:

A COMPOUND STRATEGY FOR ONTOLOGIES COMBINING
Authors:

Dominique Renaud, cécilia Zanni-Merk and François Rousselot
Abstract: This article reports our works on a strategy for results aggregation coming from a multi agent system. Each set of results is related to a specific ontology. The application is the organisation analysis of Small and Medium Enterprises. In this context, different knowledge bases are used. Depending on their origin, the different KB may be close, complementary and sometimes contradictory. The proposed approach uses a strategy based on two key ideas. The first one is general and aims at selecting a combining method of ontologies and the second one is focused on the selection and combining of sub-parts of ontologies. The combination of these two strategies should improve the understanding of the results produced by the multi agent system.
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Paper Nr: 71
Title:

USING LINGUISTIC PATTERNS TO ENHANCE ONTOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
Authors:

Elena Montiel-Ponsoda, Guadalupe D. Aguado Cea and Mari C. Suárez-Figueroa
Abstract: In this paper we describe how linguistic patterns can contribute to ontology development by enabling an easier reuse of some ontological resources. In particular, our research focuses on the reuse of ontology design patterns and ontology statements by relying on linguistic constructs at different stages of the reuse process. With this aim, we propose the employment of lexico-syntactic patterns with two objectives: 1) the reuse of ontology design patterns, and 2) the validation of ontology statements for their subsequent reuse in the ontology development. To illustrate the proposed approaches, we will present some examples of lexico-syntactic patterns and their employment in the reuse of ontology design patterns and in the validation of ontology statements.
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Paper Nr: 75
Title:

CREATION AND MANAGEMENT OF A CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE BASE IN AN INDUSTRIAL DOMAIN
Authors:

Gian P. Zarri
Abstract: This paper describes concisely the implementation and test of an experimental knowledge base in the framework of an European project concerning the gas/oil domain. The base has been built up by using the NKRL (Narrative Knowledge Representation Language) conceptual tools to formalize and manage the information content of two different ‘Storyboards’ (or ‘Historians’): these describe sequences of ‘gas/oil events’ like the detection of gas leakage alarms or the activation of a gas turbine.
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Paper Nr: 76
Title:

Knowledge Representation through Coherence Spaces - A Theoretical Framework for the Integration of Knowledge Representations
Authors:

V. M. Abrusci, Christophe Fouqueré and Marco Romano
Abstract: This work is an ongoing research (sponsored with a PhD grant by Epistematica Srl) about the interpretation of ontologies and their operations on specific graphs called "Ontological Compatibility Spaces" (OCS). Such graphs are particular Coherence Spaces that are used to give a denotational semantics to Linear Logic, hence giving a solid logical basis to our work. Using a graph framework, we depart from traditional set representation. It provides us with tools to represent actual relations among resources (and data) over the WorldWideWeb. After defining such OCS and their correspondence with ontologies, we show to which extent folksonomies may also be of use to discover ontologies by means of OCS. Then we briefly discuss what we may obtain thanks to such an interpretation, confident that it may benefit the Semantic Web initiative with a tool for dynamic data and resources exchange.
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Paper Nr: 78
Title:

TOWARDS AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR THE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM PLANNING OF PRODUCTS WITH GRADED PROPERTIES
Authors:

Mariana Reyes-Perez, Juergen Gausemeier and Jan Broekelmann
Abstract: Ontologies open new ways for representing, sharing and reusing knowledge. This paper is based on the investigations within the Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) Transregio 30. In the CRC thermo-mechanically coupled processes are developed and analyzed. They provide the possibility to produce functional graded components. Functional gradation is the targeted and reproducible adaptation of a material microstructure with the intention to establish the macroscopic properties of the component. The objective is the steady progress of the microstructure´s variation through at least one spatial dimension. To support the manufacturing system planning of products with graded properties we develop an expert system. An expert system is a software which emulates the reasoning of an expert. One of the components of our intended expert system is an ontology. It assists the researchers with the use and reuse of the acquired knowledge of the CRC, as well as with the communication between the different projects within the CRC. In this paper we explain the architecture of the intended expert system as well as its elements, placing special emphasis on the ontology. Then we explain the ontology´s development based on the knowledge extraction and representation.
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Paper Nr: 80
Title:

OACAS: Ontologies Alignment using Composition and Aggregation of Similarities
Authors:

Sami Zghal, Sadok Ben Yahia, Engelbert Mephu Nguifo and Marouen Kachroudi
Abstract: Ontologies are the kernel of semantic Web. They allow the explicitation of the semantic purpose for structuring different fields of interest. In order to harmonize them and to guarantee the interoperability between these resources, the topic of alignment of ontologies has emerged as an important process to reduce their heterogeneity and improve their exploitation. The paper introduces a new method of alignment of OWL-DL ontologies, using a combination and aggregation of similarity measures. Both ontologies are transformed into a graph which describes their information. The proposed method operates in two steps: local (linguistic similarity composition and neighborhood similarity) step and the aggregation one.
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Paper Nr: 84
Title:

A Correspondence Repair Algorithm based on Word Sense Disambiguation and Upper Ontologies
Authors:

Angela Locoro and Viviana Mascardi
Abstract: In an ideal world, an ontology matching algorithm should return all the correct correspondences (it should be complete) and should return no wrong correspondences (it should be correct). In the real world, no implemented ontology matching algorithm is both correct and complete. For this reason, repairing wrong correspondences in an ontology alignment is a very pressing need to obtain more accurate alignments. This paper discusses an automatic correspondence repair method that exploits both upper ontologies to provide informative context to concepts c in o and c' in o' belonging to an alignment a, and a context-based word sense disambiguation algorithm to assign c and c' their correct meaning. This meaning is used to decide whether c and c' are related, and to either keep or discard the correspondence c,c' in a, namely, to repair a. The experiments carried on are presented and the obtained results are provided. The advantages of the approach we propose are confirmed by a total average gain of 11,5% in precision for the alignments repaired against a 2% total average error.
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Paper Nr: 86
Title:

INTEGRATING SOCIAL WEB WITH SEMANTIC WEB: ONTOLOGY LEARNING AND ONTOLOGY EVOLUTION FROM FOLKSONOMIES
Authors:

Ademir Freddo and Cesar A. Tacla
Abstract: In this paper, we present an approach for integrating Social Web with Semantic Web by combining the easiness of annotation of resources in the Social Web and the expressiveness of ontologies to describe the resources in the Semantic Web. Our approach combines ontology learning and ontology evolution techniques to provide an integrated Web. Besides, we show how ontology alignment can be used to enrich ontologies in this context.
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Paper Nr: 94
Title:

An Ontology Driven Approach to Software Systems Composition
Authors:

Deborah Stacey and Hlomani Hlomani
Abstract: This paper discusses a proof of concept prototype system driven by knowledge embodied in a set of Ontologies; an algorithm Ontology and an execution timeline Ontology. The main idea behind Ontology Driven Compositional System (ODCS) is allowing domain experts to compose a system by choosing the system components and the desired interactions between these components in a way suitable to their problem. This differs from systems that ships with predefined data sets and algorithms that are preset for a specific purpose which may not be suitable for certain dynamic domains that requires highly adaptive, and easily modifiable systems.
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Paper Nr: 97
Title:

ONTOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR MODEL-DRIVEN DESIGN IN KNOWLEDGE BASED ENGINEERING
Authors:

Stefan van der Elst and Michel van Tooren
Abstract: Knowledge is a vital component of engineering design. Computer systems enriched with logic and engineering knowledge can support engineering design by automating routine configuration design processes. This automation is well structured in the framework concept of a Design and Engineering Engine, applying Knowledge Based Engineering techniques. The lack of recognized development methodologies implies significant investments for the development and maintenance of Design and Engineering Engines. To alleviate the required effort a generic structure for design knowledge is being developed. To that end, a classification of configuration design processes is proposed as well as a classification of knowledge elements. The resulting structure can be considered a Domain Specific modelling Language. To validate the proposed structure, a case study of a assignment problem in the field of wire harness design is presented. Using the Domain Specific modelling Language, the source code for the product model can be generated automatically using a model-driven approach.
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Paper Nr: 100
Title:

EVENT LIFETIME CALCULATION BASED ON TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIPS
Authors:

Karen Walzer, Karen Walzer, Thomas Heinze and Anja Klein
Abstract: In the last decade, the detection and processing of complex events has increasingly gained importance, since it allows an immediate reaction to changes to instantly adapt business processes to varying situations. However, currently there is a discrepancy in tools available for modelling constraints on business processes, mainly rule-based systems, and those providing complex event processing. This paper deals with the challenge of identifying unneeded events in rule-based systems in order to delete them to save memory to enable event processing. We adapt an existing approach of lifetime calculation to suit interval-based semantics for event timestamps. In a subsequent validation of our concepts, we were able to demonstrate that they lead to improved event processing capabilities compared to a traditional rule-based system.
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Paper Nr: 103
Title:

TOWARDS A GENERAL TEMPORAL ONTOLOGY FOR KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION
Authors:

Yi Qiang, Femke Reitsma and Nico Van de Weghe
Abstract: Practically, temporal information is related to every aspect of our world. A temporal ontology may effectively negotiate the meanings between different time concepts. Though some temporal ontologies have been developed, their uses are still narrow and cannot apply into a broader range of knowledge domains. Our work aims to develop a general ontology of time which can negotiate the heterogeneities in different time conceptualizations. It is not only a framework for annotating everyday temporal terms on the Web but also lays a foundation for knowledge infrastructures with more domain-specific time concepts.
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Paper Nr: 105
Title:

Reusing UML Class Models to Generate OWL Ontologies. A Use Case in the Pharmacotherapeutic Domain.
Authors:

Jesus M. Hermida, M. T. Romá-Ferri, Andres Montoyo and Manuel Palomar
Abstract: This paper presents a method for the reuse of existing knowledge in UML software models. Our purpose is being able to adapt fragments of existing UML class diagrams in order to build domain ontologies, represented in OWL-DL, reducing the required amount of time and resources to create one from scratch. Our method is supported by a CASE tool, VisualWADE, and a developed plug-in, used for the management of ontologies and the generation of semantically tagged Web applications. In order to analyse the designed transformations between knowledge representation formalisms, UML and OWL, we have chosen a use case in the pharmacotherapeutic domain. Then, we discuss some of the most relevant aspects of the proposal and, finally, conclusions are obtained and future work briefly described.
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Paper Nr: 107
Title:

Data Infrastructures in Agriculture - Attempts at Interoperability
Authors:

Daniel Martini and Mario Schmitz
Abstract: Agriculture presents itself as an interesting conglomerate of different domains. It is an intersection of a bunch of natural sciences like biology, chemistry, geography with business, legal and political issues. As diverse as the disciplines involved in agriculture are the demands on data management and exchange. This poses a special challenge on interoperability of data formats and services. Additional requirements arise from the size and structure of enterprises involved in farming and in provision of farm management information systems. From our work in agricultural data exchange, we present experiences and try to derive how data standards touching this domain should develop to allow for future interoperability.
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Paper Nr: 111
Title:

GOALS – A test-bed for Ontology Matching
Authors:

Paulo Maio and Nuno Silva
Abstract: State-of-the-art ontology matching systems rely on the combination of basic matching techniques but good results are only achieved when processing particular classes of ontologies. Furthermore, they are quite restrictive with respect to their internal configuration, as they are committed to a pre-defined architecture and workflow. Additionally, the skilful selection of matchers and the respective combination and configuration process is difficult and time consuming. Additionally it is hard to test and evaluate. This paper presents a test-bed system that eases the creation of new matching systems. It promotes the reusability, the combination and the configuration of existing matchers, encouraging the development of new matching algorithms able to fill specific open matching gaps exploiting existing methods and algorithms.
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Paper Nr: 116
Title:

ONTOLOGY-ORIENTED FRAMEWORK FOR VIRUTUAL ENTERPRISES
Authors:

Gottfried Koppensteiner, Wilfried Lepuschitz, Munir Merdan, Lisa Vittori and Erhard List
Abstract: In current networked organizations knowledge is distributed among the organization and their partners resulting in the loss of transparency regarding the kind and the place of knowledge within the network. Our approach is to use the semantic technology together with software agents in order to improve knowledge capturing, reuse and transfer. Our paper describes an ontology-based multi-agent approach for the knowledge exchange and process control with and within virtual enterprises. Different case-studies with different ontologies are combined with a negotiation ontology, which is used as intercrossing, to support semantic interoperability between heterogeneous inter- as well as cross-company levels.
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Paper Nr: 125
Title:

INTERCONNECTED TOOL-ASSISTANCE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AGENT-ORIENTED SOFTWARE SYSTEMS
Authors:

Christoph Terwelp, Janno von Stülpnagel, Karl-Heinz Krempels and Andriy Panchenko
Abstract: The development of autonomous software systems requires the cooperation of professionals in multiple domains. This involves experts on the domain of discourse (application domain), knowledge engineers, experts in problem solving methods (PSM), as well as in the chosen deployment technology (e.g.~agent technology, web services, etc.). Tool assistance for the process of developing an agent-based software systems has a direct impact on the feasibility of the planned system as well as on the acceptance of agent technology by software developers. In this paper we discuss a general approach for the process of developing agent-based software and the lack of existing tools that support the entire development process. Thereafter we describe our improvement of the development process realized by interconnected tools for ontology and PSM development, as well as as an improvement of the intergration of PSMs into a multiagent system. Finally we describe an example of an enhanced system deployment with the help of this approach.
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Paper Nr: 127
Title:

ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL SELF AWARENESS: The As-is Enterprise Model Dynamic Updating Process
Authors:

Nuno Castela and José Tribolet
Abstract: The aim of the work described in this paper is to set up the as-is enterprise model continuous updating process and to develop a supporting tool. The as-is enterprise model continuous updating process uses the annotations as a mechanism to put the business actors “talking” with the representation of their activities, either in action and interaction contexts, extracting knowledge and turning it explicit in the as-is enterprise model . The business actors can act as active updaters of the as-is model through the comparison between the modelled activities and the ongoing real executed activities. In this way, the enterprise model, which represents several aspects and perspectives of organizations, can help building and maintaining organizational self-awareness by adding knowledge to several organizational levels (individual, group, process/functions). The process and the supporting tool are running in a governmental organization and the results revealed that they could have an important role, not only in gathering the information needed to update the model, but also allowing the opening communications channels to share and acquire additional organizational knowledge.
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Paper Nr: 128
Title:

ONTOTERMINOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM FOR TERMINOLOGY
Authors:

Christophe Roche
Abstract: Today, collaboration and the exchange of information are increasing steadily and players need to agree on the meaning of words. The first task is therefore to define the domain’s terminology. However, terminology building remains a demanding and time-consuming task, even in specialised domains where standards already exist. While reaching a consensus on the definition of terms written in natural language remains difficult, we have observed that in specialised technical domains, experts agree on the domain conceptualisation when it is defined in a formal language. Based on this observation, we have introduced a new paradigm for terminology called ontoterminology. The main idea is to separate the linguistic dimension from the conceptual dimension of terminology and establish relationships between them. The linguistic component consists of terms (both normalised and non-normalised specialised words) linked by linguistic relationships such as hyponymy and synonymy. The term definition, written in natural-language, is considered a linguistic explanation. The conceptual component is a formal ontology whose concepts are linked by conceptual relationships like the is-a (kind of) and part-of relations. The concept definition, written in a formal language, is viewed as logical specification. An ontoterminology enables us to link these two non-isomorphic networks in a global and coherent system.
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Paper Nr: 129
Title:

A UNIFYING FORMAL ONTOLOGY MODEL
Authors:

Stephan Grimm
Abstract: We propose a simple formal ontology model for the uniform presentation of ontologies across different areas of Semantic Web (SW) research. On the one hand, the model's simplicity allows for abstracting from technical details in a selective way, while on the other hand it captures the essential characteristics of an ontology common to most ontology languages and formalisms. To demonstrate the compatibility of our model to existing SW research, we provide mappings to several languages and formalisations ranging from expressive language standards to light-weight semantical models. Moreover, we specify an extension of the UML metamodel for the graphical visualisation of ontologies, and we sketch a software architecture for the programmatic access to ontologies in terms of an API.
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Paper Nr: 131
Title:

Using A Clustering Algorithm for Domain Related Ontology Construction
Authors:

Hongyan Yi and V. Rayward-Smith
Abstract: Fisher's clustering algorithm is exploited to build a cluster hierarchy. Then this methodology is used to automatically generate the taxonomies of the nominal attribute values for a real world database. An ontology for a specific analysis task is finally constructed, which reflects some interesting behaviour of real data. Although this semi-automatically constructed ontology may be different from the widely accepted one for the same domain, it may indicate the true character of the data from the statistical point of view and have a semantic interpretation as well as being more suitable for the specific data mining application.
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Paper Nr: 133
Title:

Towards Social-Software for the Efficient Reuse of Solution Patterns for Self-Optimizing Systems
Authors:

Roman Dumitrescu, Roman Dumitrescu and Benjamin Klöpper
Abstract: The conceivable development of information technology will enable mechatronic systems with partial intelligence. We refer to this by using the term self-optimization. Self-optimizing systems react autonomously and flexibly on changing environmental conditions. They have to learn and optimize their behavior during operation. Hence the design of such self-optimizing systems is an an even more interdisciplinary task then the design of conventional mechatronic systems. Additionally to mechanical, electrical, control and software engineers also experts from mathematical optimization and artificial intelligence are involved. As a consequence a domain-spanning methodology is necessary in order to guarantee an effective work flow between the participating developers from various domains and their domain-specific methods and solutions. In this contribution a specification for the domain-spanning modeling of solution patterns for self-optimizing systems as well as a tool-based approach for the domain-spanning use of patterns based on social software features are presented.
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Paper Nr: 3
Title:

COGNITIVE OBJECT FORMAT
Authors:

Helder Castro
Abstract: The amount of on-line information content is growing without apparent limits. The lack of a coherent and consistent structure for its expression leads to increasing problems in terms of desired information retrieval and rendering. Multiple initiatives have been undertaken to bring forth such a global coherence. Nonetheless, it is still unattained. The informational landscape is highly fragmented in terms of the formats of the information object (IO) and their semantic interconnection, which is still incipient. This work exploits a loose and common sense based analogy between the Internet and the brain for the development of a new and versatile, MPEG 21 based data structuring format (termed Cognitive Object Format), for the description of information objects, equating them to cerebral memories. The objective is to enable an easier and more pervasive human (machine aided) or automatic interpretation and access to IO and their meanings in order to contribute to the development of a coherent base for their declaration and structuring.
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Paper Nr: 7
Title:

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR A COMMANDER AT THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL

Authors:

Jan Hodicky and Petr Frantis
Abstract: A current trend in command and control visualization systems is to show a real situation in relation with 3D terrain data and real information about objects, tactical symbols, waters, woods and roads as well. Implementing the Network Enabled Capability (NEC) concept is the main transformation process in the Czech Army. The one of the main NEC outputs is a common operational picture. This article deals with a design and an implementation of services for common operational picture data visualization supported by Service Oriented Architecture. The article is built on a current status of a NEC implementation process. The main output of this project is a prototype of visualization system that can be used by a commander and its staff at the brigade level. The operator can easily see the real situation at the theatre supported by LINK 16 standard and a connection with Czech ground C2 system and virtual reality devices. This system is designed to support decision making process of a commander.
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Paper Nr: 8
Title:

On Aligning Interesting Parts of Ontologies
Authors:

Christos Tatsiopoulos, Basilis Boutsinas and Konstantinos Sidiropoulos
Abstract: Ontology merging/alignment is one of the most important tasks in ontology engineering. It is imposed by the decentralized nature of both the WWW and the Semantic Web, where heterogeneous and incompatible ontologies can be developed by different communities. Usually, ontology merging/alignment is based on an ontology mapping that has been established in a previous phase. In this paper, we define a new problem within the alignment process: the problem of detecting and then updating only interesting parts of an ontology, based on the knowledge included in another one. To this end, we define and evaluate a number of different measures of interestingness of parts of ontologies. We also present experimental results for their evaluation on test ontologies.
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Paper Nr: 10
Title:

A Design of Diagnosis System for Mental Disorder
Authors:

Mariko Sasakura, Susumu Yamasaki and Kenichi Iwata
Abstract: We propose a web application system which helps experts to make a diagnosis of mental disorders. We construct a knowledge base from DSM and SCID which are diagnosis manuals made by psychiatrists. We have two stages in our diagnosis system. In the first stage, our application picks up suspicious disorders. In the second stage, the application checks the suspicious disorders according to a flow chart generated by the knowledge base. We discuss problems gained by our experiment of constructing the knowldge base.
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Paper Nr: 19
Title:

DAFOE: AN ONTOLOGY BUILDING PLATFORM from text and thesauri
Authors:

Adeline Nazarenko, Sylvie Szulman, Jean Charlet, Nathalie Aussenac-Gilles, Adeline Nazarenko, Eric Sardet and Valéry Teguiak
Abstract: This paper describes a new platform for building ontologies using many entries (texts, terminologies, thesauri or database). However, They may be build from scratch and bound with texts afterwards. After a description of the used data model, a meta-modelisation architecture is presented as well as the database implementation, which allows to manage large ontologies with large corpora.
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Paper Nr: 20
Title:

KNOWLEDGE-BASED IMAGE ANNOTATING
Authors:

Mikhail Boldasov and Elena Sokolova
Abstract: We present an experiment of image annotating for photographs of one collection on base of ontology. A fragment of ontology, which consists of concepts of visual objects, their features and relations, is constructed using SemTalk2 software tool. Using this ontology there are prepared semantic annotations for photographs from the collection. Semantic annotations are ready for their further automatic processing. We consider them as input for automatic generation of photograph descriptions in a given NL. In this paper we discuss types of visual concepts, structure of Ontology and Image Models and their possible applications.
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Paper Nr: 22
Title:

IDENTIFYING THE CARDIAC REGION IN IMAGES OF ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY THROUGH WAVELET TRANSFORM
Authors:

Neli Ortega, Harki Tanaka and Jose Pedro de Oliveira
Abstract: Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is an imaging method, still in development, in which an image of the conductivity of part of the body is inferred from surface electrical measurements. Despite the benefits, its resulting image still does not offer a good spatial resolution. In EIT images of the thorax the challenge is the treatment of perfusioal images, especially in the identification of the cardiac region. In an attempt to treat the EIT perfusion images, Tanaka and collaborators proposed a methodology using the theory of fuzzy sets (Tanaka, Ortega, Galizia, Borges & Amato, 2008). Fuzzy logic approach allowed an appropriated treatment of the uncertainty in identifying the pixel as belonging to a pulmonary or cardiac region. However, this fuzzy model presented some limitations when submitted to treat images from different clinical conditions, such as PEEP variation. In this work we present a methodology based on wavelet transform for analysis of the EIT signals of the pulmonary perfusion obtained in an animal experiment.
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Paper Nr: 26
Title:

HOW TO EVOLVE ONTOLOGY AND MAINTAIN ITS COHERENCE: A corrective operations-based approach
Authors:

Najla Sassi, Wassim Jaziri and Faiez Gargouri
Abstract: An ontology is a specification of a conceptualization related to a domain of knowledge. In an evolution context, it cannot be considered as a finite conceptualization since it must be adapted to new requirements. This adaptation must respect the coherence of the ontology and its conformity regarding some objectives. To update ontology while maintaining its coherence, this paper proposes an anticipatory approach based on corrective operations. For each change to occur on the ontology, we define corrective operations to prevent and correct potential inconsistencies likely to be generated.
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Paper Nr: 27
Title:

Z-based Formalization of Kits of Changes to Maintain Ontology Consistency
Authors:

Najla Sassi, Wassim Jaziri and Faiez Gargouri
Abstract: In changing environments, supporting ontology’s evolution is essential to integrate changes and to manage ontology versions. It is also important to guarantee the consistency of ontology when changes occur. In this paper, we present an ontology evolution approach based on kits of changes. These kits are based on changes operators and additional changes which correct inconsistencies caused by the changes operators. A formalization of the kits of changes is also proposed based on the Z language.
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Paper Nr: 39
Title:

Chain Event Graph MAP Model Selection
Authors:

Peter Thwaites, Guy Freeman and Jim Smith
Abstract: When looking for general structure from a finite discrete data set it is quite common to search over the class of Bayesian Networks (BNs). The class of Chain Event Graph (CEG) models is however much more expressive and is particularly suited to depicting hypotheses about how situations might unfold. The CEG retains many of the desirable properties of the BN. In particular it admits conjugate learning on its conditional probability parameters using product Dirichlet priors. The Bayes Factors associated with different CEG models can therefore be calculated in an explicit closed form, which means that search for the maximum a posteriori (MAP) model in this class can be enacted by evaluating the score function of successive models and optimizing. As with BNs, by choosing an appropriate prior over the model space, the conjugacy property ensures thast this score function is linear in the different components of the CEG model. Local search algorithms can therefore be devised which unveil the rich class of candidate explanatory models, and allows us to select the most appropriate. In this paper we concentrate on this discovery process and on the scoring of models within this class.
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Paper Nr: 41
Title:

KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION FOR HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION
Authors:

Mare Koit, Haldur Oim and Tiit Roosmaa
Abstract: The paper describes a computational model that we are implementing in an experimental dialogue system. Conversation process is modelled where one participant is trying to influence his/her partner to agree to do an action. Our goal is to model natural dialogue where computer as a dialogue participant follows norms and rules of human-human communication. We have worked on different aspects of developing a model of dialogue, including its computer realisation in the lines of BDI model. The main specific traits of our model are: 1) taking into account the "naïve" common-sense reasoning as the basis of dialogue, 2) modelling dialogues where the goal of the initiator is to impose the partner to do a certain action. In the paper we concentrate on the use of frames as the knowledge representation formalism in the dynamic context of dialogue. As a practical realisation of the model we have in view a computer program which we call communication trainer.
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Paper Nr: 44
Title:

ONTOLOGIES IN KNOWLEDGE OFFICE SYSTEMS
Authors:

Ivan Polasek and Jozef Kelemen
Abstract: The paper shows one concrete implementation of Knowledge office, where the control of the company and its knowledge are implemented within the real user-defined document workflow and content management system. The new planned module is designed to extract the existing knowledge from various types of documents (source code, documentation, agreements, etc.) by using prepared domain and document ontology and the Knowledge System to help the user to create new document.
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Paper Nr: 45
Title:

What are Main Concepts in an OWL Domain Ontology?
Authors:

Christian Kop
Abstract: Whereas OWL is suitable for machine interpretation, it is hard to read for a human and it is hard to understand what the real focus of the ontology is. This paper will discuss if measures based on the ontology structure can help.
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Paper Nr: 51
Title:

AN APPROACH TO SUPPORT INTERDISCIPLINARY VARIANT DIVERSITY OPTIMIZATION
Authors:

Sebastian Maltzahn, Reiner Anderl and Daniel Spieß
Abstract: The increasing number of variants in manufacturing companies’ product ranges leads to rising costs due to process and product complexity. The expected profit of higher diversity is often overrated while its costs are underestimated because of missing methods and insufficient process transparency. This paper introduces a methodical approach to identify the optimal diversity considering available capacities and the effects on profit and costs for each variant to support variant decisions within the product and process planning. Therefore a mathematical model of the described diversity planning problem is developed. This complex decision problem is solved using a particle swarm algorithm, which is able to compute the optimal solution within reasonable time. The found solutions can be discussed and evaluated by an interdisciplinary planning team considering even qualitative aspects, leading to an increased transparency in the decision process.
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Paper Nr: 53
Title:

Knowledge representation in environmental impact assessment. A case of study with high level requirements in validation
Authors:

Julián Garrido and Ignacio Requena
Abstract: An ontology allows to represent knowledge of environmental impact assessment (EIA) and its involved processes. This knowledge representation is designed to be used in two contexts. The first one is a repository of the elements and concepts used in EIA by environmental experts as a structured knowledge source. The second one is a formal definition of the concepts to be used in an intelligent system for EIA. The first usage requires to obtain a high level of consensus about what elements have to be defined.
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Paper Nr: 56
Title:

A Method for Approximation to Ontology Reuse Problem
Authors:

Eleni Tsalapati, Giorgos Stamou and Giorgos Koletsos

Abstract: We describe a methodology that approximates the safety condition in the integration of ontologies. Intuitively, the safety condition ensures that, after the reuse, the external ontology remains intact. It was recently proved that it is a problem of high complexity to examine whether this condition holds. In order to approximate the problem, we suggest a method by which the ontology designer that reuses concepts from an ontology network will be informed about the degree in which the safety is violated and according to this information she can choose the appropriate ontologies to reuse concepts from.
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Paper Nr: 66
Title:

ONTOLOGIES BASED APPROACH FOR SEMANTIC INDEXING IN DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENTS
Authors:

Claude Moulin and Cristian Lai
Abstract: In this paper we present some issues relating the semantic indexing of resources in distributed decentralized systems. We discuss some matter regarding the navigation between indexed resources and the way to enhance our model for answering more generic queries. The argument is introduced with a brief scenario focusing on e-learning domain, even if our goal is more general purpose. We discuss the role of ontologies in semantic indexing, moving from centralized systems to the distributed paradigm. We explain how to distribute a common index of resources semantically identified, composing a distributed knowledge base. The paper highlights the importance of an ontology system for the key generation and the use of specific domain ontologies.
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Paper Nr: 74
Title:

HUMAN-CENTRIC ONTOLOGY-BASED CONTEXT MODELLING IN TOURISM
Authors:

Carlos Lamsfus, Aurkene Alzua-Sorzabal, David Martin, Zigor Salvador and Alex Usandizaga
Abstract: A lot of work has been done up to now in the so called context-aware research field on the one hand and on the ontology research field on the other. Research has been conducted both considering context-awareness and ontology as clearly distinct research disciplines and also utilizing ontologies as a tool for context management. However, context-based applications have only been possible at a laboratory environment so far and they have always worked under very certain, pre-established pre-requisites in a not very stable nor efficient manner, which actually does not fulfil the nature of Ubiquitous Computing vision. Representation and use of context plays a crucial role in many modern IT applications. The ability to process contextual information and perform context-based reasoning is essential not only for mobile and ubiquitous computing systems, but also for a wide range of tourism applications. This paper presents a novel semantic-based human-centric approach to the notion of context that represents an attempt to make Contextual Computing services available to the general public.
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Paper Nr: 79
Title:

KNOWLEDGE-BASED REFINEMENT OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
Authors:

Saulius Gudas and Audrius Lopata
Abstract: The paper deals with knowledge-based business process (BP) modeling. The enterprise management functions are considered from the control point of view – a formal structure of any enterprise management function is formally predefined as Elementary Management Cycle (EMC). The acquired from business domain BP model is represented as Workflow model. This empirical BP model is interactively enhanced and transformed step by step to business management function model using predefined knowledge. Transformations are handled by knowledge structure – meta-model of enterprise management function. Two types of logical gaps are identified by transformations of BP models from empirical one to knowledge-based. Modified types of WFM are declared and deployed for refinement of business management functions.
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Paper Nr: 88
Title:

Multi-semantic approach towards a generic formal solver of tool placement for percutaneous surgery
Authors:

Caroline Essert-Villard, Claire Baegert and Pascal Schreck
Abstract: In this paper, we study the multiple points of view when generalizing a method based on many criteria optimization, in the framework of percutaneous surgery planning. The aim of the prototype is to find an optimal position of surgical tools, in order to assist surgeons in planning their intervention. We explain how, with a formal geometric solver and meta programming, we intend to build a modular tool, capable of being extended to new interventions, with few programming efforts. We restrain however our study to the framework of interventions involving tools that can be assimilated to a ray (tools for which we search for a position and direction) and aiming at reaching a target. We explain how we validated this framework by converting an existing ad-hoc planning solver dedicated to radiofrequency ablation interventions into a fully operational module of this generic solver.
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Paper Nr: 93
Title:

Linguistic information for multilinguality in the SEMbySEM project
Authors:

Ingrid Falk, Nadia Bellalem, Samuel Cruz-Lara and Lotfi Bellalem
Abstract: In this paper we discuss ways to handle multilingual linguistic information within the framework of the SEMbySEM project. The SEMbySEM project aims at defining tools and standards for the supervision and management of complex and dynamic systems by using a semantic abstract representation of the system to be supervised or managed. As we want our system to conform to an end-user's point of view, the conceptual information must be available and presentable in the end-user's language. On the other hand, lately the need for and benefits of more accurate linguistic information associated to ontological knowledge representations have become more evident and there emerged models of how this articulation could be achieved. Two of these models are LexInfo \cite{BuitelaarEtAl09} and LIR, the Linguistic Information Repository \cite{NeOn08}. In this paper we explore these models under the prospect of putting one or both in praxis in the setting of the SEMbySEM project.
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Paper Nr: 96
Title:

APPLYING TERMINOLOGICAL METHODS AND DESCRIPTION LOGIC FOR CREATING AND IMPLEMENTING AN ONTOLOGY ON INHIBITION
Authors:

Sine Zambach and Bodil N. Madsen
Abstract: By applying formal terminological methods to model an ontology within the domain of enzyme inhibition, we aim to clarify concepts and to obtain consistency. Additionally, we propose a procedure for implementing this ontology in OWL with the aim of obtaining a strict structure which can form the basis for reasoning and further processing, and we compare a semi-formal terminological concept modelling approach with a formal Description Logic approach in OWL-DL.
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Paper Nr: 98
Title:

Reduced Implicate Tries and Logical Operations
Authors:

Neil Murray, Erik Rosenthal and Andrew Matusiewicz
Abstract: The reduced implicate trie ($ri$-trie), introduced in~\cite{mr05b}, is a target language for knowledge compilation. It has the property that any query can be processed in time linear in the size of the query. In this paper, conjunction and negation are developed as update operations for $ri$-tries that do not require recompilation. Conjunction has been implemented, and experimental results, though preliminary, are promising. Conjoining a formula to an existing $ri$-trie by compiling the new formula and conjoining the tries is generally more efficient than compiling the conjunction of the two formulas.
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Paper Nr: 110
Title:

A Framework for Managing Components Using Non-Functional Properties
Authors:

Jean-Michel Hufflen
Abstract: As part of a component-based approach, we propose a framework to group specifications of component hierarchies, possibly including the specification of non-functional properties. We are not interested in the conception of such an architecture, but address the problems related to handling it. We show how we are able to choose a particular implementation of a component---or change an implementation to another---regarding non-functional properties, and how we are able to express configurations of component-based architectures. Our approach uses programs related to \textsc{xml}, and non-functional properties are managed by means of a terminology originating from the metadata used by the \emph{Dublin Core}.
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Paper Nr: 112
Title:

INTERPRETATION AND RECOMENDATION TASKS SUPPORTED BY CERES SYSTEM

Authors:

Cristina Paludo and Denilson Da Silva
Abstract: This article describes the interpretation and recommendation modules of the Ceres system, an Expert System that supports the interpretation of soil samples, recommendation for lime, fertilizer and data management using resources from expert system and database technologies. Among the requirements of the application domain, it is the information analysis resulting from the interpretation process, which has the purpose of finding the causes of productivity variation. This analysis makes possible human interaction in the sense of preserving proprieties that favor the developing of vegetables. In this way, the Ceres system has been proposed to assist experts on possible actions to be implemented to improve soil quality. The system is compound by several modules that implement tools to analyse the different soil properties. The focus of this paper is to analyze soil chemical aspects and the analysis tasks related to them. The modules proposed were conceived with a knowledge base formed by ontology, an inference engine and an interface for external access.
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Paper Nr: 113
Title:

Some Common Pitfalls in the Design of Ontology-driven Information Systems
Authors:

Pablo López-García, Eduardo Mena and Jesús Bermúdez
Abstract: Ontologies are the mean proposed by the Semantic Web to manage the knowledge of a system. In the software development industry, however, there is another de facto standard set of modeling techniques, methodologies and tools. Reasons for that issue might include technological challenges still to be solved, but also the need of a deep understanding of ontology modeling and the role that the ontology itself should play. In this paper we show that: 1) building an ontology is an error-prone task that might hide unexpected difficulties even when the ontology is apparently complete and correct, and 2) there is a tendency to misunderstand the role of ontologies when compared to other technologies such as relational databases, forgetting the benefits and strengths of combining both. For such a task, we develop and analyze a case study information system to recommend recipes and menus. We detect, classify and propose solutions to unexpected design pitfalls.
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